How does a Society finance itself? How does it screen potential members? Why does it bill its members maintenance charges? Where and when does the member voice his concerns or opinions?

These questions must have popped in your head time and again as a member of a housing society. Look no further than the inconspicuous little book of ‘ Society Bye laws ”.

What are bylaws for a housing society?

Society Bye-laws are rules formed by residential societies to self-regulate their activities and to control the actions of its members. Housing society bye laws are provided and approved by higher authorities (government bodies, legislative authorities). Society Laws could vary from one state to another in their particulars, yet the basic framework and nomenclature remain the same. Let’s briefly explore distinctive categories for each component of the functioning of a society. These are broad categories that cover every aspect of housing society rules and regulations, be it holding a meeting, issuing shares to members, collecting dues from them, conducting Elections, allotting parking spaces or putting out a circular on the notice board.

Purpose of housing society bye-laws

The managing committee of an Apartment Owners Association (or Residents Welfare Association) must have bye-laws in order to ensure adequate upkeep of the apartment building and to swiftly and effectively address the problems residents encounter. Escaping the problems is difficult. Convincing the society to accept the chosen laws and regulations is a challenging endeavour. A set of regulations known as the bye-laws provides a solution to all associated problems. The bye-laws are adopted by each apartment building as soon as it registers. The bye-laws are regarded as the apartment complex’s constitution and regulate how it operates on a daily basis.

Why should you know about the model housing society bye-laws?

The answer to any question you have about the functioning of your society can be found in the model bye-laws of housing society . They may seem verbose or cumbersome, but they should be on your ‘essential reading list’ as they are your ‘set in stone’ legal chaperones that cannot be refuted by any society under any circumstances. As part of a society, you’d be remiss if you are not aware of your basic rights and duties, your society’s foundational policies, its management and the guidelines that dictate its decisions. A lot of homeowners harbour an approach of ‘we’ll cross that bridge when we get to it’ with respect to the rules of a society, thinking all is accomplished once they have occupied their residence inside it. Be that as it may, to avoid being misinformed or manipulated by dishonest committee members, to stop the violation of your rights, or simply to be aware of the workings of the community you’re part of, familiarising yourself with model bye-laws of housing society is necessary. Cooperative society bye-laws are easily available online to peruse in your own time. Otherwise, as a member you have the right to ask for a copy from your society.

List of housing society bye-laws

1. Preliminary- name and address

This section informs us about the procedure for naming, change in name, classification, address change procedure and exhibiting the Name Board of the society.

2. Interpretations

The meaning of the nomenclature, i.e the exact definition of commonly used terms (common areas, sinking fund, active member) is given so as to legally distinguish common usage of words in the context of a housing co-operative.

3. Area of operation, objectives, affiliation

To define the locality of the society within a municipality and to define the main objects of the society as well as declare it as Member of the Co-op Housing Federation of the District / Ward / Taluka, the District Central Co-operative Bank of the district.

4. Raising of funds and their utilisation

Cooperative society bye-laws lay down rules on modes of raising money such as issuing shares, taking loans, voluntary donations & deposits, etc. and explains how to issue shares to members and limit of liability for the society. The ways in which the funds are utilised are also described, such as reserve fund, repair and maintenance, emergency fund and training fund.

5. Rights & duties of a member

This section describes the eligibility, conditions, and procedure of obtaining membership in a society distinguishes between active, non-active, associate, and nominal members. The rights of members elaborated under bye-laws of the society include the right to inspect records, get a copy of RWA bye-laws, right to Occupation of Residence, conditions for and acceptance of Resignation by Members, procedure for Nomination by a Member and its revocation / revision, procedure and requisite documents for Transfer of Shares and interest from a member to another in the Capital/Property of the Society, Transfer of Shares and interest of the deceased Member, and rules on Exchange and Sub-letting of residences.

6. Responsibilities and liabilities of members

This section details the duties of the member, including applying for permission to make additions and alterations in a flat, allowing examination of flats and report about repairs, not to cause inconvenience to other members. It also entails the grounds for expulsion from the society and its procedure, circumstances under which a person ceases to be a member and the follow-up action taken by the society, rules on holding multiple flats, liability limited of members to unpaid amount on shares.

7. Society charges

Bye-laws of society describe the composition and break-up of the society charges, including Property Taxes, Water Charges, Common Electricity Charges, contribution to Repairs and Maintenance Fund, expenses on Repairs. Operation and Maintenance of the lifts contribution to the Sinking Fund, Service Charges, Car Parking Charges, Interest on the defaulted charges, Repayment of the Loan, Installment and Interest, Non-occupancy Charges, Insurance Charges, Lease/Rent, Non-agricultural Tax, Education and Training Fund, Election Fund, and any other charges.

8. Duties and powers of the society

These are rules specific to the common seal and incorporation of the society as holding the power to acquire, hold and dispose of the property, to enter into contracts and other legal proceedings. It also pertains to having a charge on the shares and/or interest of a Member, policy for allotment of flats and cancellation of flats, handing over possession of flats, society’s duty to carry out Structural Audit, allotment of parking lots and its restrictions, marking of parking lots and their eligibility, along with payment of charges for parking of vehicles.

9. General meetings (first general meeting, annual general meeting & special general meeting)

This section gives detailed and specific rules on how to conduct society meetings, including general, annual and special body meetings. Rules regarding the agenda of the first general meeting, the duties of provisional committee and its handover to newly elected committee, the functions of the annual general body meeting, rules for special general body meeting, period of notice and quorum of a general body meeting, voting rights of members, recording of the minutes of meeting, holding of the adjourned General Body Meeting, among others are explicitly stated.

10. Management of society affairs

Rules under this category include opening up of bank account for operations, strength (in numbers) of the Managing Committee, guidelines for Election, First Meeting of new committee, duration of holding office, conditions for cessation of membership of the Committee, and Resignation of Committee Member/Office bearer. There are detailed lists of all the required functions of the Managing Committee, Chairman and Secretary of the society.

11. Book-keeping

Detailed lists of maintaining books of accounts, records and registers are specified, including but not limited to cash books, ledgers, Sinking Fund, Investment, Nomination, Loan Registers, Minutes Books, Applications for membership, resignations, correspondences received from within the society or from external agencies related to property tax, conveyance, electricity, vouchers and counterfoils of share certificates and issued cheques, periodical statement of accounts, audit memos, election papers, service staff payment records.

12. Profit distribution

Rules on how to distribute funds (after paying interest on loans/deposits and after making such other deductions) are prescribed clearly in the bylaws of the cooperative society . The allocation includes a percentage of the amount to be deposited in the Reserve Fund, in dividends of shares to shareholders, compensation paid to office-bearers, and towards Common Welfare Fund.

13. Writing off dues

This section prescribes the conditions under which the Society is allowed to write off its irrecoverable charges due from the members, the expenses incurred on recovery and the accumulated losses.

14. Society accounts audit

The basic procedure for conducting an annual financial audit of the society is described in detail, including the appointment of a registered Auditor/CA, the timeframe to conduct the audit and the steps for completing an Audit Rectification Report before Annual General Meeting.

15. Conveyance, redevelopment and repair/maintenance

This section gives details of getting the deed conveyance under society’s name through an advocate and proceeds to list rules on renovation and repair. Member’s contributions towards repair are stated, along with the procedure of inviting tenders from architects/ developers, and a step-by-step guide to the entire redevelopment process is given. Guidelines on emergency planning schemes, disaster management and response machinery are prescribed as well.

16. Other miscellaneous matters

Minor yet important rules regarding day-to-day operational activities are mentioned in the bye-laws of residential society . These include sending and displaying notices on general meetings and their resolutions, how to fix the Notice Board and what to display on it, penalty amounts for member breaches against the society, regulating the services, amenities as per members’ convenience, fixing timings and rules for use of common areas such as parks, staircases, etc, making available spaces for members to install solar energy electrical systems, making copies of the documents required by the members and the charge per page.

17. Committee redressal of member complaints

Based on the complaint type, the society bye-laws give a list of relevant authorities to approach. They describe the types of complaints handled at the Society’s General Body Meeting. Other than that a variety of complaints are handled by the Registrar, Co-operative Court, Civil Court, Municipal Corporation/Local Authority, Police or the District/State Federation, depending on the nature of the grievance.

Differences between old & new housing society bylaws

Do I have to adopt a new set of housing society bylaws if my society is newly registered? True, your society would adhere to the old model bylaws. If it was previously registered, the year is 2009. Bye-laws have been newly modified following the 97th Constitutional Amendment and the MCS Amendment Ordinance, 2013. This includes cash on hand limits, active member provisions and duties, maintenance rates, AGM, society election tenets, and so on.

Several MCs look for the procedure for adopting new bylaws, while others simply look for bylaw amendments.

Co-operative societies or Co-ops are a worldwide phenomenon with various definitions and diverse structures. Essentially, they are an association of users or firms, or households in pursuit of economic, social, or cultural objectives, applying to themselves the rules of joint ownership and democracy, aiming to serve its members and the community as a whole. They are a voluntary association that replaces capitalism with co-operation, listens to their members’ needs, is non-discriminatory, arrives at decisions through discussions, and follows the ideals of self-help and mutual help.

Cooperatives exist in sectors such as retail, banking, housing, marketing, agriculture, manufacturing, purchasing, and employment, among others. Some of the most renowned co-operatives in India are Amul, Shree Mahila Gruha Udyog (Lijjat Papad), KRIBHCO, and Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO – which is also one of the largest cooperatives in the world).

What are the types of cooperatives in India?

Let’s have a look at some cooperative society example that exist in India.

1. Consumer Cooperative Society

These societies are primarily for consumers who wish to buy household goods at lower prices. The society buys goods or products in bulk amounts directly from the producer on wholesale rates and sells them to the members, thus eliminating the need for a middleman. The purchased goods are sold to members and non-members in cash. Capital is raised by issuing low denominational shares to the members who also get dividends on the shares. Consumer co-operatives do not use advertising but rely on word-of-mouth. They ensure a regular supply of goods at reasonable rates. They set up stores or outlets to sell goods and avail huge trade discounts from producers. Some of the best

2. Producer Cooperative Society

Also known as industrial co-operatives, these types of cooperative societies look out for the small-scale producers in a cut-throat market scenario. Production and distribution are handled from within the co-operative. These producers could be farmers, ayurvedic herbal medicine producers, organic produce sellers, handicraft or handloom producers, artisans, etc. Raw materials, ingredients, tools, processing units, etc. needed for the manufacturing or producing the goods are obtained by the members directly, provided to the producers and the final output is distributed to the buyers/non-members without a middle link. Producers pool in their resources, increase production volumes and minimise risk in the face of the competitive capitalistic markets. Best examples are dairy, fish farmers, weavers and artisans and tribal co-operatives.

3. Cooperative Credit Societies

These are urban and rural financial societies that provide loans to members at low rates of interest, protecting the members from massive debts to traditional moneylending agencies. They serve a basic but highly personalised banking role in a sense. They have deposit schemes in forms of saving accounts, FD, RD, pension schemes, etc. The money procured is then given on loans to members as personal loans, agricultural loans, housing or vehicle loan, etc. These societies are regularly aided by state and national government subsidies and funding. Some examples are Teachers Co-op Credit society, State Electric Board Employee Co-op Credit Society.

4. Marketing Cooperative Society

Mostly for the benefit of farmers, these societies function to market the produce profitably at the best possible prices, increase the bargaining strength of the farmers and protect them from the trials of individual selling and market exploitation. The profits are distributed on the basis of the contribution of produce made. They also educate the farmers on market prices, stabilise supply against demand, help them get loans, and help with grading, pooling, processing and procurement of produce and provide safe storage and reliable transportation facilities. Some good examples are Milk Co-operatives in Gujarat, Maha Grape, Cotton Marketing Co-ops.

5. Housing Cooperative Society

Housing co-ops are a type of society that provides affordable housing to the middle and low-income groups. One becomes a member by purchasing shares in the cooperative. Instead of owning the real estate, the members own a share in the entire corporation, which in turn gives them a house to reside in. Such societies are commonly found in urban and semi-urban cities. They construct the residences or flats and provide them to the members to live in and collect the money in instalments. In other cases, they provide the land to the members who themselves construct their own residences.

6. Cooperative Farming Societies

The financially challenged farmer may not be able to maximise his agricultural output individually and earn optimum profits. Farming co-ops are a way for farmers to retain the right to their land, yet pool together and consolidate land, livestock and equipment while earning a share in the total output as per the contribution made. In better farming co-ops, members co-operate for pre-sowing, seeds, fertilisers and equipment, and joint selling, but cultivate the land separately. In joint farming, they pool in the land as well. Co-op tenant farming is the type in which the society leases the land to the farmers and collects the rent. In collective farming co-ops, farmers are members for life and cannot remove their land but can transfer the land rights to another.

Why do cooperative societies matter?

Every Indian national should acknowledge the worth and significance of co-operative societies since they are an important contributor to economic equality and welfare. Even though they are not the predominant public or private financial organizations, a flourishing network of co-operative societies improves the standard of living of the weaker and middle-income sectors of the society as agents of change and reformation.

They provide an economic model with a higher level of entrepreneurial or social sustainability and often work as pressure groups to voice the views of its members in a larger market. Being a part of a co-op improves your creditworthiness as a producer as well as a consumer. They are easy to join, ensure equitable distribution of profits, prioritise welfare over individual profits, are stable in their functioning and output, and receive a substantial amount of government support. The spirit of co-operation and unity in chasing common interests is the driving force behind co-ops. In a growing democracy, they are the symbol of meritorious collectivism.

Features of Cooperative society

• Voluntary Association: The membership of co-operative societies is voluntary. Anyone interested is free to join a co-operative society and leave the society any time after giving proper notice.
• Equal Voting Rights: A co-operative society is based on the principle of “one man one vote”. A member of the cooperative society has only one vote irrespective of the number of share(s) held by him and so co-operative society runs on democratic principles.
• Separate Legal Entity: A cooperative society needs to be registered under the Cooperative Societies Act. This registration will result in the co-operative society being a separate legal entity. It can make agreements as well as purchase and sell property in its own name and sue and be sued in its own name. 
• Service Motive: A cooperative society’s main objective is to provide service to the members and not to maximize profits. 
• Distribution of Surplus: Members are paid dividends & bonuses out of the profits of the co-operative society. 

Who doesn’t love running their fingers through silky, smooth, and shiny hair? We all do. That’s why we go for a hair spa treatment at the salon. So, what is the procedure of hair spa? Let us understand all the steps for a hair spa, how beneficial it is for our hair, and all the other related information.

Hair spa benefits

The hair spa procedure involves a long head massage that is good for blood circulation and helps relax our mind and body. This massage helps in providing more oxygen to our scalps and hair follicles, and increases hair growth.

Cleansing the scalp helps remove impurities and unclogs the pores. Hair loss issues are mainly due to clogged pores. When pores are unclogged, they help in hair growth regeneration.

Oil secretion is normalised after hair spa. Sebaceous glands are present everywhere on our skin, even on our scalp. These glands produce oil, also known as sebum, that keeps our scalp and hair healthy. Sometimes there is an overproduction of the oil, which can clog our pores and lead to an oily scalp and greasy hair. When the production is less that is also not good as it leads to a dry scalp; therefore, it is very necessary to regularise the secretion of the sebum glands to have voluminous hair.

Hair spa helps normalise the pH levels of our scalp, which is important to maintain healthy hair. Dandruff is reduced after the hair spa treatment, as it kills the dandruff-causing microbes.

Hair fall can also occur due to a lot of stress. A good relaxing hair spa session makes us feel relaxed, reducing stress, which is good for our hair health.

Hair spa procedure

The hair spa process has several steps. Take a look below:

1. Shampoo

The first step of a hair spa treatment is shampooing our hair. This helps clean our scalp by removing the dead skin cells and dirt. This is a crucial step, as the scalp needs to be squeaky clean before any kind of treatment is done.

2. Hair mask

This step involves applying a hair mask that contains serum to deeply condition our hair roots. We need to leave it on for a few minutes. This mask nourishes and strengthens our hair follicles and gets rid of the flakiness and dryness of our scalp. After this mask is applied, the hair becomes frizz-free and appears smooth.

3. Scalp massage

The next step involves a long massage. Massaging improves blood circulation in our scalp, boosts hair growth, and improves hair health. By massaging the scalp, we ensure that the serum mask is applied evenly and reaches every corner of our scalp.

4. Steaming

The steam is used to open up the pores in our scalp, allowing the serum to penetrate deeper into the roots. This ensures deep nourishment.

5. Rinsing

After all the steps are done, the last step is, of course, rinsing. Our scalp is thoroughly rinsed to ensure no product is left, which can also lead to grease build-up if not cleaned properly.

Different types of hair spa treatments

1. Dandruff remedy

This hair spa treatment focuses on moisturising and hydrating our scalp to eliminate dandruff. Ingredients such as lemon and honey are used to relieve flakiness and dryness. This treatment unclogs our pores by removing product build-up and gives us a clean scalp.

2. Hair fall remedy

This treatment’s primary focus is to promote hair growth by increasing blood circulation. Nourishing components such as omega fatty acids and protein help to achieve more volume and reduce hair thinning.

3. Coloured damaged hair remedy

Colouring hair damages it and causes many hair problems like split ends, roughness and many more. Also, while performing hair spa treatments, we must ensure that our hair colour stays intact. That’s why there is a different therapy for damaged hair that solely focuses on repairing our hair while protecting the hair colour.

4. Oily hair treatment

Many of us tend to have a greasy scalp that makes our hair look flat and dull if not washed frequently. The excessive oil is removed in this hair treatment, and the scalp is hydrated. It may not be common knowledge, but excessive oil can also cause hair fall and dandruff. This treatment will rejuvenate our scalp and restore the lustre of our hair.

5. Hair smoothening treatment

Frizzy hair is very difficult to manage, and this hair spa treatment helps us to manage it better by making our tresses silky and smooth. Antioxidants and hair oils are used to treat unmanageable hair and reduce roughness.

6. Curly hair treatment

Curly hair needs extra care, and many of us don’t realise it. We treat curly hair like normal hair. Since curly hair tends to be extra frizzy and dry, a special treatment is necessary that moisturises intensely and gives us softer and shinier hair.

7. Dry hair treatment

Lack of protein leads to dry hair. Extra nourishment is given to it by a keratin hair spa treatment. Keratin protein is used in this treatment to enrich our dry hair with it and repair our hair. It also reduces the humidity effect on our hair and makes it less frizzy.

Things to avoid after a hair spa

• We should avoid using tools that produce a lot of heat like straighteners, curlers, hair dryers, etc.
• We should not tie our hair too tight after the hair spa treatment.
• UV rays are also harmful to our hair, especially after a hair treatment. So we should cover our hair using a scarf or a hat.
• We should avoid washing our hair immediately after the hair spa treatment.

Disadvantages of hair spa

• We need to get hair spa treatments done more often to get the desired result. Getting them done once in a blue moon will have no long-term effect.
• It is quite expensive. Even if it is worth the money since our hair needs all the extra nutrition it can get, it can still seem like a huge investment, and not everyone can afford to get these treatments regularly.
• No matter how careful we are, coloured hair can fade a little after the hair spa treatment. Therefore, extra care needs to be taken by adding colour protective products.
• We think a hair spa treatment is enough to make our hair healthy, but this is not the case. We also need to follow a healthy diet and exercise to maintain good hair health.

Conclusion

Hair spa treatments can make us feel great, and now we know all the steps in the procedure and the different kinds of hair spa treatments. We also know the benefits and why it is necessary to take good care of our hair and how to take care of different hair types. So let’s go to our nearest parlour, book an appointment now, and feel amazing about ourselves!

Rearing a pet dog in an apartment can be an enriching experience if you know which breed to opt for and the home size required to rear the dog. This article lists the 12 best apartment dogs in India and the house size most suitable for raising each breed.

1. Pug

Pugs are low-maintenance dogs that do not require large spaces. However, a puppy-proofed home is our best bet to prevent any possible damage. Pugs are suitable pets even for studio and one-bedroom flats with moderate square feet. These friendly pets typically require a good stroll of approximately 15–20 minutes each day. They are regarded as children’s best friends.

2. Bulldog

Dog lovers prefer apartment dogs such as bulldogs because they are easy to raise. These dogs love staying indoors; short walks suffice for them. Bulldogs are typically laid back and require minimal exercise; we can accommodate this buddy even in a one-room kitchen or a one-bedroom apartment of 250 to 700 sq ft. They must not be exposed to scathing heat and sunlight as such exposure can increase their body temperatures. Bulldogs are susceptible to skin irritation and frequent scratching, biting, and rubbing; therefore, their houses must be tidy and well-maintained.

3. Golden Retriever

These adorable apartment-friendly dogs are favorites amongst Indians. These dogs must be groomed routinely as their lavish double coats require a high level of maintenance. The shedding of the fur can create a mess; the best bet is to brush the dog’s hair daily to prevent such inconveniences. Golden retrievers are intelligent and easy to train. Owing to their high energy levels, they require proper exercise indoors and outdoors. Apartments of at least 1500 sq ft are required for the proper rearing of golden retrievers.

4. Indian Spitz

These small dogs can lead comfortable lives in small apartments. Indian spitz are intelligent dogs that require little training. These white furry dogs are active and need plenty of space to move around. Apartments of 500 sq ft and above are conducive to rearing these dogs. These dogs are also prone to shedding; however, they typically keep themselves clean and do not cause many problems for their owners. We must regularly brush their coats to ensure their good health and maintenance. Our houses should be tidy to avoid causing diseases to the dog or ourselves.

5. Beagle

Despite being highly energetic, beagles can be easily accommodated in houses of 500 sq. ft. These dogs typically enjoy staying indoors and enjoy the company of humans. Stimulation is imperative to keep them occupied.

6. Bichon Frisé

These good apartment dogs are lovable, mingle well with family members, and occupy minimal space at home. These white powder puff bark less compared to other small dogs. However, they are highly sociable and demand to be cuddled and pampered, an absence of which may cause them separation anxiety. We should opt for this black-eyed dog only if we can take them for regular walks and spend quality time with them. Apartments of 300 sq. ft. and above are perfect for rearing these dogs.

7. Greyhound

Greyhounds are calm, tolerant, sharp dogs that love running and engaging in different activities. Apartments with ample garden spaces and walk areas are ideal for these dogs. Socializing and being around people brings out the best in greyhounds. Known as among the oldest dog breeds, the greyhound does not shed fur, ensuring ease of maintenance and cleanliness. Greyhounds are typically 24–30 inches tall pets that can stay in studio flats or one-bedroom homes. An area from 300 sq. ft onwards is sufficient for greyhounds to keep indoors. These low-maintenance dogs for apartments have few demands and are easy to raise.

8. Poodle

Poodles are high-energy dogs that love jumping around. They can adjust well to small-size apartments. Training a poodle is an easy job—they assimilate to new environments quickly. These dogs adore their masters and desire undivided attention from them, typically sitting close to their owners and occupying minimal space. Another striking feature of poodles is their high-level resistance to heat and cold. Thus, these intelligent creatures are among the best dog breeds for apartments.

9. Dachshund

Dachshunds are adorable, small-sized dogs well-suited to smaller apartment spaces. These tiny-legged dogs are known for their loud barks and can annoy other residents in the neighborhood. Thus, it is advisable to sound-proof our apartments to prevent them from disturbing neighbors. It is a good idea to occupy them with activities, providing them with a set of toys and taking them on strolls and exercise sessions to divert their minds. These pups are loyal to their owners and can be comfortably accommodated in spaces from 250 sq. ft to 700 sq. ft.

10. Chihuahua

Chihuahuas are ideal dogs for flat owners. These compact-size watchdogs need minimal grooming and maintenance as they shed less fur. However, they are loud and zealous; some training can help tame them effectively. These nuggets love being patted and cuddled. They love sitting on their owner’s laps and enjoying their evenings. They can be accommodated even in rooms of 250 sq. ft and can be taken for walks and exercise irrespective of the weather. Under-stimulated chihuahuas become destructive. The more your pet is exposed to socialization and walking, the more its mind is occupied.

11. Havanese

These small-breed dogs are highly energetic and love socializing. They love being in family environments and seeking attention from all family members. Lack of attention causes them to become gloomy and subdued. We must adopt Havanese dogs only if we can provide them with all the time and attention they require. These pups weigh 10–16 pounds and cannot stay isolated. They value their freedom and are well suited to small spaces. Moreover, they can adjust to big cities and all the hustle-bustle therein.

12. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

The magnificent Cavalier needs no introduction for those who have tiny living spaces. The cute Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a low-maintenance dog, requiring a bath once a week and regular brushing of its coat to ensure hygiene. This dog loves to be around family members and follows its owner everywhere, needing little space.

Conclusion

To provide a healthy living environment for our dogs, we must shower them with the love they deserve, taking them for regular walks. It is crucial to potty-train our pets to avoid embarrassment. Some care, love, training, and knowledge of rearing dogs can go a long way in ensuring a happy, comfortable life for pets and their owners.

Homeowners base a lot of their buying decisions on the availability of good amenities, car parking being one of the top priority needs. With the proliferation of high-rise buildings, parking spots in residential societies are an everyday battle. The lack of uniform parking laws across the board concerning parking rules in societies has created an epidemic of unwritten rules and indiscriminate behavior by everyone at stake. How does one maintain sanity and ensure fair treatment when there are too many cars and not enough space? This is why societies have bye-laws for parking. Read more to find out the car parking rules in housing society.

Apartment car parking problems & their solutions

1. Unofficial parking

If you own a 4-wheeler vehicle, you’re eligible for a parking space or stilt (usually one or two according to your BHK size) at your apartment car parking. Members park more vehicles than allowed in their allotted space/s. For example, the husband already owns a car and parks in his usual spot. When the wife buys a new one or a relative/friend visits for an extended period, they park theirs in the open space or guest parking without permission.

Solution: If you’ve been allotted a car parking space/spaces (according to your BHK size) which you’re already using, and even if it is big enough to allow an extra two-wheeler parking, consult the MC before permanently parking it. Extra cars/ scooters cannot be parked in spaces not allotted to you unless approved by the MC. You have to pay parking charges for an additional four-wheeler parking. A fine may be placed by society for violation of vehicle parking laws in society.

2. Guest parking

A common occurrence is that even though there’s space inside the building for guest parking, security guards, at the behest of MC or out of their own volition, instruct delivery personnel, guests, and visitors to park their vehicles out on the streets. Sometimes such unnecessary measures lead to vandalism and theft of vehicles.

Solution: A building has to keep at least 25% space for visitor parking as per BMC though it recently dropped it to 5%. Give strict instructions to guards regarding visitor parking rules as per your apartment by-laws.

3. Unmarked spaces

Open parking spaces lead to confusion among members if there is no structure or markings for them to follow. Unabiding members can inconvenience the rest regularly.

Solution: Bye-laws require a society to mark and number parking spaces (for bicycles, 2-wheelers/ 4-wheelers separately).

4. Unfair allotment

In societies with limited parking spaces and where some residents own second and third vehicles, they occupy more parking spaces (albeit while paying for it) even though other owners who may own just the one vehicle are not given a parking space and some are made to park outside the building.

Solution: The MC allows parking on a ‘first-come, first-served basis for eligible members who own a vehicle. If unoccupied spots are at society’s disposal, the same member may be allowed second and third stilts/parking spaces on an annual basis, except there are no other eligible members who haven’t even been assigned one spot.

5. Tenant parking

Tenants are sometimes not allowed to park inside the society premises if there is an excess of permanent resident vehicles.

Solution: If the landlord is already eligible for a parking spot, then the tenant should get access to it legally. It is the responsibility of the landlord to ensure that the tenant gets a spot. Only if the landlord isn’t eligible for parking, the tenant may be asked to pay for parking charges, unless the landlord decides to pay it on his behalf.

6. Limited number of parking spots

Due to the parking space deficit and excess of vehicles (especially 4-wheelers), residents are required to park outside in the building vicinity regularly.

Solution: If there are way too many vehicles belonging to eligible members, the society draws a lot every year. Another option is to provide spots on a rotating basis. Everyone is given an equal opportunity to park inside even though they may have to take turns.

Apartment car parking laws in India

According to RERA Act (2016), covered garage space can be sold separately by the builder, however, open or stilt parking spaces are clearly defined as part of common amenities such as lobby, stairs, elevator, garden, etc. Therefore, it is illegal for a builder to charge a buyer for a separate parking space. These become the property of the society as soon as it’s registered, an Occupation Certificate is issued by the municipal corporation and the builder arranges a handover (http://mohua.gov.in/cms/rera.php)

This is per the Supreme Court decision that upheld Bombay HC’s verdict in 2011 in the case of Nahalchand Laloochand Pvt Ltd vs Panchali Cooperative Housing Society. The builders agreed that they can sell parking spaces to outsiders as independent units, to which the society residents disagreed later. The builder approached the court so that the society members don’t object to 25 stilt spaces sold to buyers who weren’t society residents. (https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1359331/)

Model building by-laws developed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs dictate that permissible ECS ( Equivalent Car Space) per 100 sq meter of floor area in residential premises is 2. This can be translated to 1 space per 3BHK and 2 per 4 BHK. Development Control Regulations of every state mandate that the builder provides parking space to buyers albeit parking provisions may vary state-wise. (http://mohua.gov.in/cms/model-acts.php)

Various apartment acts (e.g. Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act, Delhi Apartment Ownership Act) allow MC to constitute their own parking rules including a parking fee which is decided in the General Body meeting, varies from types of vehicles, and is to be mandatorily paid by members (https://housing.maharashtra.gov.in/Sitemap/housing/housingactnrules.htm)

Types of parking in apartments

Let’s check the types of parking generally available in residential complexes. Different types of parking which you can choose according to your parking lot construction:

1. Angle parking

When cars are parked at an angle, a technique used in open parking where spreads are manageable. The vehicles usually face the same direction (any one direction) and sliding in and out remains easy if all the vehicles are parked with rules and required spaces between all four sides are maintained.

2. Perpendicular parking

This is a type of parking in which the vehicles are parked at a 90° angle and perpendicular to the curb up front, similar to angle parking. In this, the driver needs to ensure that the tires are facing straight ahead. This is a commonly used style in garages and parking bays and in apartment complexes with limited spots.

3. Parallel parking

This is what you commonly see on the roads on the side of the curb where the driver parks between two cars, between the one in the front and one in the back. This type is used when a residential complex has a long pathway with enough space to accommodate cars and bikes without obstructing the path.

4. Tower parking system

This is a fully automated car parking system in which come equipped with parking lifts for cars to move up and down to the designated spot. There must be a lift operator along with the entire set-up since this is used in large complexes in urban areas with narrow spaces.

Role of RWA in parking rules in residential areas India

RWA (Residential Welfare Association) is the managing committee that is registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. This means that if you face a parking issue as a resident of a housing society, they are the ones who could come to your help. Since this association is such an important one, RERA ((Real Estate Regulatory Authority) Act emphasises on establishing an RWA within the first 90 days of when the flats are booked.

However, there are some important factors you would need to be aware of, before booking a complaint. You must know that:

• Any Shared/Common Space in the society belong to the apartment complex/housing society.
• Parking spaces are not owned by the RWA members or residents.
• The MC (RWA) or General Body could allocate parking slots to residents who’ve done their registration, since parking allocation comes under the jurisdiction of the housing society’s managing committee.
• Homeowners, their families and associate members could all be registered members.
• The parking spaces in your area are all numbered using the LOP (Lay-Out Plan) that the civic body has approved.
• If you have a sticker on your vehicle, provided to you by the managing committee of the RWA, you would be exempted from security checks when you enter/drive inside the society premises.

FAQs – Parking issues in apartment complexes

How do I keep a track of vehicles allowed in parking space?

You can ask for a copy of the RC book from members and provide them with parking stickers for each vehicle.

Is the parking area considered as FSI?

Open/Stilt parking, visitor parking, and basement parking are not included in the FSI calculation.

Can I cover my parking space or use it for storage?

According to the apartment acts, you are not allowed to cover or repurpose parking spaces.

How much space is allowed for parking?

As per the National Building Code, one car parking space must not be less than 13.75 sq meters. For a 2-wheeler, it must not be less than 1.25 sq meters.

Can a society sell members parking spaces?

No. But they can allot a space for a fee.

What can I do if society doesn’t abide by parking bye-laws?

An appeal in consumer forum or cooperative court.

Can a builder allot open parking space?

No. Society allots parking spaces.

Can a member sell or transfer parking slots?

According to model bye-laws, a member shall have no right to sell or transfer parking slots allotted by the society.

Can the society collect parking deposits?

No. Bye-laws restrict society to raise such funds.

How much does parking space cost typically?

Most societies charge between Rs 100 and Rs 500 for a single vehicle, increasing with second and third vehicles.

For most people, having a place to call home is one of life’s great pleasures. Owning a house provides a feeling of security and financial independence in the long term.

Homeownership is lovely, but when the market is hot, buyers will fight for every property that comes on the market. Only the most astute homeowners can reflect on this as a fond memory while it lasts. One of the most frequent real estate mantras is that a property’s location determines its value.

Noida is one of India’s most popular real estate investment sites. Being a commercial centre, Noida has become a desirable area for living because of the presence of giant global corporations, which has contributed to a significant increase in job opportunities. Because of their work opportunities in Noida, many individuals choose to relocate to the city. Noida and its surroundings are a great place to live, with all the necessities for a pleasant life. It has well-planned infrastructure, great shopping malls, schools, hotels, and picnic spots.

There aren’t many areas in India where you can live in some of the most eminent gated communities and flats as you have in Noida.

Here are the 10 best housing societies in Noida:

1. ATS Pristine

ATS Pristine is one of the best societies to live in Noida with excellent construction, a superlative layout design, and after-possession upkeep with over 80% lush green open space. ATS Pristine is situated in Sector 150, Noida. With 3BHK flats, the site offers modern quality and comfortable living. The amenities include a swimming pool, clubhouse, indoor gymnasium, and basketball court.

Nearby Schools: DPS, Genesis Global School, Shiv Nadar School, & Footprints Play School & Day Care Creche.
Nearby Hospitals: JP Hospital.

2. ATS Greens Village

As Noida’s most refined residential development, this one has a slew of unique features. Regarding location and facilities, it’s hard to beat this residential society situated in Sector 93, Noida. This well-kept campus was constructed in 2006 and is conveniently near the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. This community’s international standard of culture includes contemporary conveniences and several amenities. This is the best residential society in Noida to live in if you like a pool and is full of neat clusters of high-rises and attractive villas.

Nearby Schools: Eurokids Noida Sector 93, GAIA School, Mother’s Pride, Footprints Plac school & Day Care Creche, DPS, etc.
Nearby College/University: JP Institute of Commerce, Amity University Campus, Tansen Sangeet Mahavidyalaya.
Nearby Shopping Centers: Bhutani Alphathum, DLF Mall of India, Lotus Panache Shopping Complex.
Nearby Hospitals: Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital, Jaypee Hospital, etc.

3. ABA Cleo County

Completed in 2018, ABA Cleo County, Sector 121 is built around an Egyptian theme. The 1st 5-Level Cascading Swimming Pool of this project is a beautiful example of contemporary architecture. It enjoys an excellent view of the outside world with four open sides, is flanked by low-rise residential properties, and is considered one of the best apartments in Noida.

Cleo County’s amenities include a clubhouse, a swimming pool, a dance studio, a children’s play area, a tennis court, and other elegant recreational facilities.

Nearby Schools: Noida International Public School, Pragati Public School and Sapphire International School.
Nearby Hospitals: Fortis Super Specialty Hospital.

4. ATS One Hamlet

ATS One Hamlet Sector 104, completed in 2014, is among the top and best housing societies in Noida due to its top-notch location, design, and architecture. With their proximity to the outdoors, the community’s 2-side open apartments are a shining example of luxurious living in the most picturesque setting possible, all while being exceptionally well-designed. A wide range of amenities, including a gymnasium, a jogging track, an outdoor tennis court, an indoor swimming pool, a community hall, and a library, make it one of Noida’s best gated communities.

Nearby Schools: Pathways School, Fortune World School, Sanfort, Kidzee, Jaypee Public School, SKS, DPS.
Nearby College/University: JP Institute of Commerce, JIIT Academic Block, Amity University Campus.
Nearby Shopping Centers: Bhutani Alphathum, DLF Mall of India, Lotus Panache Shopping Complex.
Nearby Hospitals: Jaypee Hospital, Yatharth Super Specialty Hospital.

5. ATS Greens, Sector 50

ATS Greens 1 & 2 are among the best housing societies in Noida, with excellent contemporary conveniences and close connectivity to public transportation. Snooker, pool, squash, and table tennis are just some of the extras available at the ATS Greens apartment complex. Other common features include a fitness centre and a jogging track.

Nearby School: Nilgiri Hills Public School, Kothari International School, Ryan International School, Manthan School, NIIT Noida.
Nearby Shopping Centers: Spectrum Metro, Gaur City Mall, Shipra Mall, DLF Mall.
Nearby Hospitals: Prayag Hospital, Neo Hospital & Fortis.

6. TGB Meghdutam

TGB Meghdutam, Sector 50, another one of the best societies for living in Noida, was developed in 2012 across 3.25 acres of land next to Noida’s largest municipal park. All the well-designed apartments in this 4-sided open society are three sides open, with extra ceiling height and a luxurious touch, allowing for superb cross-ventilation. In terms of facilities, you can count on everything being there – whether it’s a clubhouse, gym, outdoor swimming pool, children’s play area, backup generator, intercom system, and security elevators.

Nearby Schools: Nilgiri Hills Public School, Kothari International School, Ryan International School, Manthan School, NIIT Noida.
Nearby Shopping Centers: Spectrum Metro Mall and the Sector 75 & 76 Markets.
Nearby hospitals: Prayag Hospital, Center, Neo Hospital & Fortis.

7. Purvanchal Silver City

A 12-acre project in Sector 93 completed in 2007, Purvanchal Silver City is a piece of paradise outside Delhi. All apartments are open on both sides, allowing plenty of natural light and fresh air to flow in. Purvanchal Silver City has the best apartments in Noida and also has a gym, a jogging track, a lawn tennis court, and an international-standard club and swimming pool for its residents.

Nearby Schools: Pathways School, Fortune World School, Sanfort, Kidzee, Jaypee Public School, Foot Prints, SKS Public School, DPS, Gyan Sagar Public School, Petals Pre School.
Nearby Shopping Centers: Bhutani Alphathum, DLF Mall of India, Lotus Panache Shopping Complex.
Hospitals Nearby: Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital, Jaypee Hospital.

8. Mahagun Moderne

Mahagun Moderne Sector 78 is one of the most beautifully constructed communities in the area and is among the best housing societies in Noida. These apartments were built in 2016 in a way that maximises ventilation and sunshine and provides stunning views inside and out. There is a luxury clubhouse, gym, swimming pool, and a retail mall at Mahagun Moderne, with a rainwater collection system and 24-hour power backup.

Nearby Schools: Manthan School, Broadway International School, Vishal International School, Ramagya School, Manav Rachna International School, Eurokids.
Nearby Hospitals: Neo Hospital, Prayag Hospital, Fortis Hospital, Prakash Hospital, Max Multi Speciality Center, Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar 

9. Omaxe Forest

A marker of Noida’s best societies, Omaxe Forest apartments in Sector 92 offer an excellence well-suited to urban life. All the flats are well-ventilated and have access to sunshine. High-quality construction and attention to detail have resulted in a pleasant living environment. Amenities include a clubhouse/community centre, intercom facility, gym, lifts, visitor parking, swimming pool, park, water storage, security/fire alarm, gas pipes, water purifier, and Wi-Fi access throughout the neighbourhood.

Nearby Schools: Pathways School, Fortune World School, Sanfort, Kidzee, Jaypee Public School, DPS, Gyan Sagar Public School.
Nearby Shopping Centers: Bhutani Alphathum, DLF Mall of India, Lotus Panache Shopping Complex.
Nearby Hospitals: Jaypee Hospital, Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital.

10. Purvanchal Royal Park

An array of helpful facilities and services are available in Purvanchal Royal Park, Sector 137, completed in 2015. Ample open green spaces, well-designed parks, and designated walking and jogging routes with enough parking are all included in the outdoor amenities that make it one of Noida’s best societies. It’s a vast community residential area with a restaurant, gym, badminton court, jogging track, lawn tennis court, and a gorgeous swimming pool.

Nearby Schools: SKS world School, Eurokids, Sanfort, Maple Bear Canadian, Panchsheel Balak Inter College, JBM Global School, Somerville International School, Shiv Nadar School, Millenium School, DPS.
Nearby Shopping Centers: Bhutani Alphathum, DLF Mall, Lotus Panache Shopping Complex.
Nearby Hospitals: Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital, Felix Hospital, Jaypee Multispeciality Hospital, Kailash Hospital, etc.

Conclusion

A property’s location and construction quality are typically the most critical elements in determining its value over a more extended period. But other aspects of construction and service also matter. While reviewing the best societies to live in Noida with quality construction, lifestyle, and location, make an informed decision by consulting real estate professionals in case of any confusion or query.